Advanced thermal management of automotive fuel cells using a model reference adaptive control algorithm

Temperature control is a critical issue to ensuring the reliable performance of fuel cell systems. However, nominal feedback controllers currently used to regulate system temperature have limitations, due to the high inherent nonlinearity in the systems, and uncertainty in the parameters of the models, especially in the presence of dynamic load variations. In this study, a feedback controller was designed including Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) to address uncertainties and robustly control the stack and the coolant inlet temperature in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The proposed controller was then evaluated by comparison with a nominal feedback controller. It was shown that if the parameters vary in the system the MRAC algorithm yields improved transient performances in terms of recovery speed and deviation in comparison to the nominal feedback control algorithm. The MRAC provides enhanced robustness.