Decentralized platoon formation for a fleet of connected and autonomous trucks

This research explores energy-saving potential through platooning, a method aimed at reducing energy consumption, especially for connected and autonomous vehicles allowing shorter inter-vehicle distances. In platooning, energy is saved due to reduced drag, but there is increased energy use during acceleration and deceleration while forming and maintaining platoons. A decentralized game theory model is created to assess energy-saving capabilities in typical traffic scenarios. This model is a dynamic game where drivers act independently, deciding whether to join a platoon to maximize individual gains. A simulation model is developed to replicate vehicle behavior in realistic traffic conditions, estimating energy consumption over time. Findings show that decentralized decision-making leads to system-wide energy savings of 2.2% to 2.6%, contrasting with a 3% saving achieved through centrally mandated platoon formation.