Integrating Eye-Tracking and Immersive VirtualEnvironments For Informed Co-Urban DesignDecision-Making Process Through EnhancingPedestrian Comfort, Safety, And PerceptualQuality

This paper examines how human-centred technologies can enhance urban design evaluation in the post-digital era by bridging the gap between subjective user experience and practical planning needs. Urban environments are shaped by perception, attention, and lived experience, yet these qualities are difficult to quantify using traditional qualitative methods—particularly when feedback is provided by non-expert users. To address this challenge, the study integrates eye-tracking data with immersive virtual environments to objectively capture visual attention and behavioural responses within urban streetscapes. By comparing perceptual patterns between professionals and everyday users, the research identifies key differences in how urban elements are visually engaged and interpreted. The findings highlight the role of visibility, complexity, and spatial legibility in route choice, perceived attractiveness, and livability. The study demonstrates how attention-based metrics can inform more inclusive, evidence-driven urban design decisions and support targeted interventions that respond to both expert and non-expert perspectives.