Sonochemical Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide as a Bio-Template and Stabilizer

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced through an ethanol reduction approach enhanced by ultrasonic agitation to boost dispersion and reaction effectiveness. Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP), an eco-friendly and non-toxic polymer, served as the stabilizing agent. Optimal results were obtained using 0.01001 M AgNO3, 800 mg/L TSP at pH 7 or higher, with sonication for 60 min. The nanoparticles produced exhibited a distinctive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak within the range of 416–434 nm, validating their synthesis. The deep yellow hue of the colloidal solution suggested the effective reduction of Ag+ to metallic Ag0. Increased TSP concentrations resulted in enhanced stability of nanoparticles, decreasing aggregation and aligning with earlier research. Antimicrobial assessment demonstrated significant effectiveness against Vibrio natriegens, presenting an average inhibition zone of 1.90 cm, over twice that of the positive control (amoxicillin, 0.90 ± 0.10 cm, p < 0.05). The estimated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 1.3 × 10−3 M. This reinforces current evidence regarding the antibacterial properties of AgNPs, probably caused by the disruption of cell membranes and the generation of reactive oxygen species. UV–vis analysis revealed consistent findings, with statistically significant variations in absorbance at the 95% confidence level, emphasizing the method's reliability.