The TREE Program: Promoting Positive Early Childhood Experiences During Well-Child Visits

This feasibility study evaluated the developmental coaching TREE (Talk Read Engage Encourage) program for historically marginalized children ages 0 to 2 years, embedded within pediatric visits, examining if TREE could enhance caregiver-child interactions and increase pediatric resident report of competency and self-efficacy in coaching caregivers. Using a quasi-experimental design, a convenience sample (n = 167 families) was recruited (79 intervention; 88 control). Follow-up data were obtained from 45% of families (38 intervention; 38 control), impacted by COVID-19 attendance. Analyses demonstrated significant increases in self-reported Parent Verbal Responsivity (d = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.17 to 1.18; P =.009) by intervention group caregivers. Intervention pediatric residents reported significant increases in promoting positive caregiver-child interactions and confidence in conveying child development (d = −.73; 95% CI = −1.21 to −0.22; P =.003). The TREE program is a promising practice that operationalizes promotion of relational health and positive early childhood experiences within pediatric primary care.