The varied functions of Aurora kinases A and B in mitosis and carcinogenesis

Aurora kinases are master regulators of mitosis. Aurora kinase A is necessary for centrosome separation and maturation and for the assembly of a functional bipolar spindle. Aurora A's sister kinase Aurora kinase B, functions in monitoring and mediating proper chromosome-microtubule attachments and facilitating accurate cytokinesis. Errors in any of these functions of Aurora kinases can cause defects in chromosome alignment and segregation. This ultimately results in aneuploidy and genome instability. Thus, both Aurora kinases A and B either indirectly or directly influence chromosome segregation and hence, genome integrity. Therefore, it is critical to obtain a clear understanding of the control and regulation of these kinases to bring about proper chromosome segregation and mitosis. This chapter focuses on the mode by which Aurora kinases are regulated by, and regulate, various proteins in mitosis and cancer. Importantly, this chapter also brings into light the data that hint at a possible signaling cross-talk between Aurora A and Aurora B signaling pathways. © 2012 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.